These processes are usually carried out in the same sequences, Deasphalting Extraction Dewaxing Finishing. However, liquid minerals, such as oil or gas, may be extracted by pumping. In this process, holes are drilled into the ore deposit by explosive or hydraulic fracturing methods. Samples are then sent to an accredited lab, which identifies the type of minerals and grade of gold within them. Reverse flotation of iron minerals, an important step in this process, is carried out to produce the final iron concentrate while the cleaner tailings, containing most rare-earth minerals, is processed to obtain a rare-earth concentrate. Once the ore is on the surface, the process of getting the mineral you want out of the rock can start. The process of mining from discovery of an ore body through extraction of minerals and finally to returning the land to its natural state consists of several distinct steps. The first is discovery of the ore body, which is carried out through prospecting or exploration to find and then define the extent, location and value of the ore body. Heap leaching is carried out in the extraction of copper, nickel, uranium and precious metals. Temperatures were maintained at either 30° (for the mesophilic/thermo-tolerant consortium) or 45 °C (for the two thermo-tolerant consortia), and the reactors were stirred continuously at 150 rpm. Aluminium is the most abundant. Aluminium ore is called bauxite (Al 2 O 3 ). Insitu Leaching. The primary methods used to extract minerals from the ground are: Underground miningSurface (open pit) miningPlacer mining The location and shape of the deposit, strength of the rock, ore grade, mining costs, and current market price of the commodity are some of the determining factors for selecting which mining method to use. Bioleaching of mineral tailings was carried out in 2.3 L bioreactor vessels coupled to temperature- and pH-control units (Electrolab, UK). Nickel processing - Nickel processing - Extraction and refining: The extraction of nickel from ore follows much the same route as copper, and indeed, in a number of cases, similar processes and equipment are used. The solution purification and concentration processes may include precipitation, distillation, adsorption, and solvent extraction. Tin processing - Tin processing - Mining and concentrating: Vein deposits, such as those in Bolivia and the United Kingdom, usually occur in granite formations and are recovered by conventional underground hard-rock mining techniques. (c) Wastage of upper soil layer and vegetation: Surface mining results in … This is especially used to extract copper and uranium. The next step is to get the rocks which contain the mineral out of the ground. metal on Earth, but it is expensive, largely because of the amount of electricity used in the extraction process. This is followed by selective flotation to separate bastnaesite and monazite. Many minerals are then removed through mining or quarrying. Q3) [20 Marks] Mineral lube oil production consists of several processes. The mineral extraction process begins with finding the location of mineral deposits. Another way we sample is through trenching, which hugs the surface and is carried out by backhoes or bulldozers. Once the mineral is separated from the rest of the rock, the mineral needs to be cleaned so that it can be used. Describe in details each process? The final recovery step may involve precipitation, cementation, or an electrometallurgical process. Sometimes, hydrometallurgical processes may be carried out directly on the ore material without any pretreatment steps. 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